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A ''tribus'', or tribe, was a division of the Roman people, constituting the voting units of a legislative assembly of the Roman Republic.〔''Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities'', Second Edition, Harry Thurston Peck, Editor (1897), "Tribus."〕〔''Oxford Classical Dictionary'', 2nd Ed. (1970), "Tribus."〕 The word is probably derived from ''tribuere'', to divide or distribute; a connection with ''tres'', three, is doubtful.〔〔John C. Traupman, ''The Bantam New College Latin & English Dictionary'' (1995).〕〔D.P. Simpson, ''Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary'' (1963).〕 According to tradition, the first three tribes were established by Romulus; originally these were the voting units of the ''comitia curiata'', but from an early date they were superseded by their own subdivisions, the thirty ''curiae'', or wards. The original Romulean tribes gradually vanished from history.〔 Perhaps influenced by the original division of the people into tribes, as well as the number of thirty wards, Servius Tullius established thirty new tribes, constituting the ''comitia tributa''. This number was reduced to twenty at the beginning of the Roman Republic; but as the Roman population and its territory grew, fifteen additional tribes were enrolled, the last in 241 BC.〔〔 All Roman citizens were enrolled in one of these tribes, through which they were entitled to vote on the election of certain magistrates, religious officials, judicial decisions in certain suits affecting the plebs, and pass resolutions on various proposals made by the tribunes of the plebs and the higher magistrates. Although the ''comitia tributa'' lost most of its legislative functions under the Empire, enrollment in a tribe remained an important part of Roman citizenship until at least the third century AD.〔''Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities'', Second Edition, Harry Thurston Peck, Editor (1897), "Comitia."〕 ==The Romulean tribes== The first three tribes are said to have been established by Romulus, the founder and first King of Rome, shortly after the foundation of the city. Following the Rape of the Sabine Women, the Sabines under Titus Tatius attacked Rome, and successfully entered the city. After fierce fighting, the Sabine women themselves interceded, stepping between their husbands and their fathers to prevent further bloodshed. Peace was concluded, with Romulus and Tatius ruling jointly, and a large Sabine population relocating to Rome; the nascent city was thus evenly divided between Latins and Sabines. At this time (traditionally 750 BC), Romulus divided the people into three tribes, known as the ''Ramnes'' or ''Ramnenses'', named after himself; the ''Tities'' or ''Titienses'', named after Titus Tatius; and the ''Luceres'' or ''Lucerenses'', whose name and origin were obscure to the ancient historians.〔〔Titus Livius, ''Ab Urbe Condita'' i. 9–13.〕 Known as the three ''Romulean tribes'', these first tribes have in modern scholarship been associated with the putative major ethnic groups of early Rome: the Ramnes representing Rome's Latin population; the Tities represented the Sabines; and the Luceres probably represented the Etruscans. This view has fallen out of favor. Rome lay on the Tiber, the traditional boundary of Etruria with Latium, and may have had a substantial Etruscan population from the beginning; but certainly there was a considerable Etruscan element in the Roman population by the sixth century BC; the fifth and seventh kings of Rome were Etruscan, and many of Rome's cultural institutions were of Etruscan origin. It may be to this period, rather than the time of Romulus, that the institution of the ''Luceres'' belongs; and indeed the names, if not the ethnic character of all three of the Romulean tribes appear to be Etruscan.〔〔Robert Maxwell Ogilvie, ''A Commentary on Livy, Books I–V'' (1965).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman tribe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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